Every particle in this universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of these masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

According to Newton,

Force of gravitation, F µ product of masses

directly proportional to 1/square of [...]

We now know how to represent various Geometrical figures in a Cartesian plane. But what forms the most basic of these figures is the line, which forms an important component on any discussion in Co-ordinate geometry. Our attempt to create a general group of lines that satisfy a certain set of properties leads us to [...]

You must have seen the night-sky composed of stars, planets, moon and you could have also been lucky enough to see a shooting star or meteor as it is termed. If you make a careful study, you could also observe, that the pattern of night-sky keeps on changing with time as well as with seasons [...]

The All India Engineering Entrance Examinations (AIEEE) get students admission into the top National Institutes of Technology (NITs). Now a committee consisting of three NIT Directors has been created to look into the way the exam is conducted and at the possibility of making the AIEEE test an online one in addition to the regular [...]

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Out of the many chemical reactions certain reactions are reversible reaction i.e. they proceed in forward as well as backward direction i.e. reactants combine to give products and products gives back the reactants. In such reactions after some time of commencement of reaction system a stage is reached, when the properties of the system remain [...]

ü        Energy is defined to be the capacity to do work. Energy is a scalar quantity and measured in Joules (J).

Mechanical energy is of two types:

Þ            Kinetic Energy

Þ            Potential Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy which is possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. Kinetic energy of a body is the energy due to [...]

ü        We all know that it is hard work lifting a heavy box from one platform to another in a railway station. Similarly we know that children need lots of energy as they grow up.

ü        We feel tired if we run a hundred meters in twenty seconds, whereas we could walk that distance easily in [...]

Heat energy is involved for changing the physical state of a chemical substance. For example in the conversion of water into steam, heat is absorbed and heat is evolved when steam is condensed.

Example

Consider the following two reactions –

It is observed that there is difference [...]

Centre of mass of system of the discrete particles

The centre of mass of an object is a point that represents the entire body and move in the same way as a point mass having mass equal to that of the object, when subjected to the same external forces that act on the object. That is, [...]

We are familiar with the representation of real numbers on a line, which we call a real line. In this representation we fix a point O (called origin) and represent a real number by a point A on this line such that its distance OA is equal to the value of real number. In the [...]

Several methods have been developed by mathematicians to uniquely locate the position of a point in space. The easiest and most widely used one is the Cartesian Coordinate System, which is based on mutually perpendicular axes. In this chapter you will learn about this systems: locating a point in these systems and finding the equation [...]

Each object around us has certain shape and size. When we study motion of such objects, we will have to study motion of all the different particles of the object. Practically speaking, this is not possible and we will have to consider alternative ways to study motion of the object. Scientists have defined a concept [...]

In chemistry, we deal with processes, is which are invariably associated with transfer of energy between the system under study and its surroundings. For example, heat is evolved when an acid is neutralised by a base. The heat transfer is basically due to the conservation of energy or first law of thermodynamics. It is of [...]

IIT is achievable, just by following the simple path…

Regularity in work: Get regular in your work right from day one, because courses and problems will increase with time and if you delay your work for one day also, then it gets piled up for days ahead.

Take some time to relax: Do not follow “only study” [...]

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IIT Entrance exams are special exams, conducted for those classes of students who are hard working, sincere, result oriented, and ambitious. These students have set goals and work towards achievement of such goal.

IIT Entrance exam requires lots of efforts. Students should have proper mind set to prepare him/her for such prestigious exam. A proper framework [...]

According to the Graham’s Law of diffusion, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of it’s density or molecular weights. If r1 and r2 are the rates of diffusion of two gases, whose densities under the given conditions are d1 and d2 respectively, then we have

SmartLearn’s academic team is providing you the best way to study mathematics. Learning Mathematics is like learning the art of solving problems and not just knowing formulae and concepts. You need to focus more on problem solving instead of just reading theories, formulae and solutions, if you want to improve your mathematics.

Following are some instructions/tips that [...]

To find the unit of a given physical quantity in a given system of units:

ü      By expressing a physical quantity in terms of basic quantities we find its dimensions. In the dimensional formula replacing M, L, T by the fundamental units of the required system, we get the unit of physical quantity. However, sometimes we [...]

Rutherford placed thin sheets of metal in the path of a-particles in order to see how various metals would affect the a-particle trajectory.

a-particles are actually helium atoms from which electrons have been removed. Each a-particle consists of a mass equal to about 4 times that of hydrogen atom and carries a positive charge of 2 [...]

Self adjusting Properties

Then x = sin θ                                                  …(2)

From (1) putting the value of θ in (2), we get,

Illustrations

Equal number of molecules of different gases under identical conditions of temperature and pressure occupy the same volume.

Hence, the volume occupied by one mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (101.325 K Pa) has a fixed volume (22.414 dm³). This indicates that the number of molecules contained in one mole [...]